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Fluids and Electrolytes MCQs
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Fluids and Electrolytes MCQs
1
What does not cause impaired accuracy of the pulse oximiter?
A
ambient light
B
carboxyhaemoglobin
C
methaemoglobin
D
xray beams
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
2
Which blood type can be given to a patient who is blood group O?
A
A
B
B
C
AB
D
O
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
3
Which statement is incorrect with regards to blood products?
A
a bag of FFP contains 180 ml
B
FFP must be ABO compatible
C
Platelets must be ABO compatible
D
A bag of packed cells is 300 ml
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
4
Which is not a potential complication of a massive blood transfusion?
A
hyperkalemia
B
hypercalcemia
C
hypothermia
D
coagulopathy
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
5
Which is the first choice agent to give to a patient with Haemophilia A who has moderate factor deficiencyand a retroperitoneal bleed?
A
cryoprecipitate
B
FFP
C
Factor VIII concentrate
D
Factor IX concentrate
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
6
Which would you give to reverse streptokinase?
A
cryoprecipitate
B
platelets
C
factor VIII concentrate
D
DDAVP
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✅ Correct Answer: 1
7
Which is NOT a cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
A
acetzolamide
B
pancreatic fistula
C
diarrohea
D
high dose corticosteroids
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
8
The normal anion gap is
A
<7
B
<12
C
<18
D
<22
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
9
Which is incorrect with regards to the fluid and its content?
A
Normal Saline – 150mmol Na+/L
B
Hartmans – 131mmol Na+/L
C
Hartmans –131mmolCl-/L
D
D5W- 50gm glucose/L
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
10
Which is not a possibility in the ECG of a pt with hypokalemia?
A
prolong PR interval
B
prominent U waves
C
T wave flattening
D
. Prolonged QT interval
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
11
Which is not a cause of hypokalemia?
A
insulin administration
B
adrenaline infusion
C
alkalosis
D
digoxin OD
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
12
Which of the drugs below are not associated with hypokalemia?
A
loop diuretics
B
corticosteroids
C
gentamicin
D
amiloride
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
13
which of the following is not a symptom of hypokalemia?
A
constipation
B
muscle weakness
C
paralysis
D
seizures
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
14
Which contains the largest amount of K+?
A
two Slow K tablets
B
2 chlorvescent tablets
C
15ml of Kayciel
D
one gram iintravenous KCL
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
15
A rise in the pH by 0.1 causes what decrease in serum K+?
A
0.1 mEq/L
B
0.25 mEq/L
C
0.5mEq/L
D
0.7mEq/L
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
16
Which does not shift K+ into cells?
A
dextrose
B
NaHCO3
C
Salbutamol
D
resonium
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
17
What is seen earliest in an ECG of hyperkalemia?
A
Sine wave
B
Peak T wave
C
Flattened p wave
D
QRS widening
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
18
To diagnose SIADH as the cause of hyponatremia which must not be present?
A
hypovolemia
B
hypotonicity
C
no cardiac/renal/ hepatic failure
D
urine osmolality >100ml/kg
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✅ Correct Answer: 1
19
which statement is incorrect?
A
hyperlipidaemia can cause an artificially low Na+
B
if the hyponatremia is known to be of less than 48 hours duration it can be corrected quickly
C
in chronic hyponatremia, the Na+ should not be raised by more than 0.5mmol/l/hr
D
central pontine myelinolysis is caused when hypernatremia is corrected to quickly
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
20
Which neoplasm is not characteristically associated with SIADH?
A
mesothelioma
B
bronchogenic carcinoma
C
breast
D
prostate
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
21
Which drug is not well known to cause hyponatremia?
A
sertraline
B
amitryptilline
C
ecstasy
D
roxithromycin
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
22
With regards to hypernatremia which is incorrect?
A
it should not be corrected greater than 0.5mmol/L/hr
B
is usually associated with inadequate water intake
C
Normal Saline should not be used if the pt is hypovolemic and hypotensive
D
If associated with hypervolemia then frusemide should be used
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
23
w.th regards to Calcium which statement is incorrect?
A
the normal correct range is 2.1-2.5
B
the ionized correct range is 1.14-1.3
C
to correct for the low albumin add 0.1 to the total calcium for every 4 the albumin is below 36
D
calcium chloride has less elememtal calcium than calcium gluconate
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
24
What is not a cause of hypercalcemia?
A
post prandial measurement
B
tuberculosis
C
lung Ca
D
hypomagnasemia
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
25
Which is incorrect with regards to hypocalcemia?
A
it causes QT prolongation
B
i.v administation of calcium requires cardiac monitoring
C
it is seen in pancreatitis
D
hyperventilation produces tetany by causes a fall in the total body calcium
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
26
Which is not true of hypomagnasemia?
A
it increases SA node automaticity
B
it causes pre eclampsia
C
it prolongs the QT increasing the risk of Toursades
D
it is associated with a 2-3 times increased risk of AF and SVT post AMI
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
27
Which is not true with regards to hypermagnesemia?
A
it is nearly always seen in renal failure
B
it causes nausea, vomiting, loss of deep tendon reflexes, drowsiness and hypotension
C
it causes hypocalcemia
D
it causes widening of the QRS
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✅ Correct Answer: 3
28
Which equation is incorrect?
A
anion gap =(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
B
calculated serum osmolality = 2(Na + urea +glucose)
C
paO2 = pIO2 – paCO2/0.8
D
the expected CO2 in metabolic acidosis = 1.5 × HCO3- + 8
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
29
Which statement is incorrect?
A
the normal Aa gradient is <age/4
B
in respiratory alkalosis, for every drop of 10mmHg of pCO2, the HCO3- drops 1 mmol/L acutely
C
in chronic respiratory alkalosis, for every drop of 10mmHg of pCO2, the HCO3- drops 2mmol/L
D
in chronic respiratory acidosis, for every 10mmHg rise in pCO2 ,the HCO3 rises 2mmol/L
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
30
which does not cause a high osmolar gap, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
A
methanol
B
ethanol
C
ethylene glycol
D
chloral hydrate
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✅ Correct Answer: 4
31
Which agent below does no cause an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
A
acetzolamide
B
paraldehyde
C
iron
D
aspirin
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✅ Correct Answer: 1
32
Which condition can be fully compensated for with regards to pH?
A
respiratory acidosis
B
respiratory alkalosis
C
metabolic acidosis
D
metabolic alkalosis
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
33
Which does not cause a metabolic alkalosis?
A
vomiting
B
diarrohea
C
loop diuretics
D
thiazide diuretics
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✅ Correct Answer: 2
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